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No. 88 / Vol. 01
Mon · 04 May 2026
Archived issue
Published 00:35 BDT · 04 May 2026

The Brief.

READ TIME · 8 MIN · 16 SECTIONS
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Today’s Call
April's BoP numbers — exports +33% YoY, remittances $3.12bn — read like relief. They are not. Dhaka's request for extended donor support confirms fiscal buffers are depleted heading into FY26 budget. Meanwhile the banking sector's 35.73% NPL ratio sits tagged as systemic risk with no policy response in sight. Brent at $108 keeps the import bill elevated and the FX desk pinned. The book is positioned defensive on Tier-2 exposure and short-tenor on energy LCs.
§01 — Market Snapshot
NPL CRISIS DOMINATES; RESERVES STABLE, CURVE FLAT-INVERTED
USD / BDT
122.75
+0.00+0.00%
Zero spread, BB grip
DSEX
5,265.39
−21.65−0.41%
−0.41% on banks drag
91-d T-Bill
10.17%
−1 bp−0.10%
Curve flat-inverted
Brent
$108.17
+$1.20+1.1%
+9% w/w · Hormuz
NPL Ratio
35.73%
+1.5pp+4.4%
CAR 1.56% · Q4 2025
Mar Remittance
$2.89B
+$30M+1.0%
Solid; not a record
EDITOR'S PIN · POSTED MON 21 SEPT

Food's Share of Spending Rises as Income Falls

An IMF chart, built on USDA data, plots food spending as a share of GDP against food's share of total consumer spending. Poorer economies sit further up and further right on both scales.

WHERE EACH INCOME GROUP SITS
  • ▸Advanced economies hold the bottom-left corner. Food takes roughly 5 to 22 percent of consumer spending in that group, on food outlays worth under about 13 percent of GDP.
  • ▸Emerging markets spread across the whole middle of the chart. Their markers run from about 11 percent of consumer spending to above 40 percent, and the group overlaps the advanced cluster at one end and the low-income band at the other.
  • ▸Low-income developing countries occupy the top-right. Every marker in that group sits above roughly 29 percent of consumer spending, and the highest of them approach 55 percent.

A household that already spends half its money on food has no cheaper category to move into, so a price rise comes out of everything else it buys. The IMF places Bangladesh in the low-income group at the upper right of this chart. Food and beverages carry the largest single weight in the Bangladesh CPI basket, which is the same fact seen from the other side.

BANKER READ

Food inflation belongs in the credit process, not only in the macro commentary. A price move reaches disposable income before it reaches any borrower's file, and the thinnest-buffer books — retail, microfinance-linked exposure, small-ticket SME — feel it first. A risk team reading food prices only off the monthly CPI print is working from the slowest signal available.

Banking
§02 · BankingToday’s Lead

Banking

▼ NPL 35.73% · CAR 1.56% · sector technically insolvent

Stress accelerating — capital cushion functionally gone.

FIG.01

Overnight Money Market

Daily · DOMMR + BOFR · %
Latest plotted · npl quarterly 35.73 · Mar 2026
DOMMR — Dhaka Overnight Money Market Rate · BOFR — Bangladesh Overnight Financing Rate, Bangladesh Bank's official money-market reference rates.
NPL Ratio
35.73%
Q4 2025 · world-high
CAR
1.56%
Below Basel III floor 10.5%
SCBs share of NPL
62%
5 banks hold majority
PROV. SHORTFALL
BDT 1.4tn
0
mo buffer
LEADVERDICT
One-point-five-six CAR is not a ratio — it is a countdown.

WATCH

  • ◆Top-50 classified exposures: provisioning shortfall quantification
  • ◆Tier-2 names: any forced merger talk or PCA letters

RISK

  • ▼CAR below 2.0% on next BB disclosure → prompt corrective action letters
  • ▼Recapitalization need is no longer optional — existential at this trajectory
Analysis

The 35.73% headline NPL ratio understates the problem. Strip out the rescheduling concessions extended through Q3 and the underlying figure is closer to 41%. Capital adequacy at 1.56% leaves the sector with no genuine buffer against further deterioration; it is a regulatory ratio holding together a balance-sheet picture that is, in functional terms, post-solvent. The watchlist is no longer about which Tier-2 names need recapitalization — it is about which ones can absorb a forced merger without triggering counterparty cascades. Provisioning shortfall sits near BDT 1.4 trillion against a sector capital base of roughly BDT 1.6 trillion. Treasury's instinct to wait for the FY26 budget to crystallize a recapitalization path is the right political read; it is the wrong one operationally. Each quarter of delay compounds the eventual fiscal cost without buying time the sector can use.

Markets
§03 · Markets

Foreign Exchange

◆ USD/BDT pinned at 122.75; zero buy-sell spread

Pin holds — but no buy-sell spread is no equilibrium.

FIG.02

External Flow Balance

24-month · inflows vs imports · net basic balance · USD bn
Latest plotted · usd bdt 122.75 · May 2026
USD/BDT mid
122.75
BB reference rate
EUR/BDT
143.34
Diversification target
Trade Gap
+$0.17B
Mar 2026 · narrow
Mar Exports
$3.65B
+9% w/w on RMG
GROSS RES.
$34.12B
REMIT M
$3.12B
VERDICT
A zero spread is not stability — it is a price the market has not yet been allowed to find.

WATCH

  • ◆Buy-sell spread widening past 0.50 BDT
  • ◆BB mid breach above 123.50

RISK

  • ▼Pre-position EUR/GBP payables capacity before next reserves print
  • ▼Cap net open USD position at 80% of prudential limit
Analysis

USD/BDT pinned at 122.75 with a zero buy-sell spread is not a sign that the currency has found its level — it is a sign that the price has not yet been allowed to find one. Gross reserves at $34.12bn cover roughly 4.2 months of imports on the BPM6 measure, sub-3 months stripping out swaps and IFI buffers. The arithmetic of a managed float at this reserves level requires that the central bank either widen the spread (allowing some depreciation pressure to discharge cleanly) or call in additional standby support. The first option is politically constrained heading into a budget cycle. The second is what the donor-support request signals. Pre-positioning EUR and GBP payable capacity in the next two weeks looks cheap insurance against a wider repricing that, if it comes, will not come gradually.

§04 · Markets

DSE Markets

▼ Banks dragging the tape; DSEX -0.41%

Volume hollows out — foreign net-sells the close.

FIG.03

DSEX Index

Daily close
Latest plotted · dsex close 5265.39 · May 2026
DSEX
5,265.39
−0.41% · 829cr turnover
DS30
2,018.89
Index
DSES
1,050.34
Sharia index
Banks sector
−2.01%
Worst sector today
DSEX
5,265
DS30
1,887
TURNOVER
BDT 412cr
VERDICT
Banks dragging the tape — lighten concentration before earnings season reprices your collateral.

WATCH

  • ◆DSEX breach below 5,220 on turnover above 1,200 crore
  • ◆Bank-sector breadth: 3 consecutive positive sessions

RISK

  • ▼Activate enhanced haircut buffers on pledged-share collateral
  • ▼Cap new proprietary allocation to listed banks at 8% of investment portfolio
§05 · Markets

T-Bonds

▲ Belly inversion: 364d > 5Y; market pricing rate relief

Belly steepens — BB resumes buying at the long end.

FIG.04

BD Govt Yield Ladder

8-tenor · last 3 months · 91D to 20Y
Latest plotted · 91d 10.17 · May 2026
5Y Govt Bond
10.23%
BB weekly auction
10Y Govt Bond
10.98%
81bp over 91d
Belly inversion
364d > 5Y
Curve pricing rate relief
10Y
10.85%
5Y
10.42%
2Y
9.95%
VERDICT
The curve is handing you 5y duration below the 364d bill — take it before the market does.

WATCH

  • ◆91d cut-off breach above 10.50% at next auction
  • ◆5Y bond yield re-steepening above 364d

RISK

  • ▼Extend SLR-eligible holdings into 5y bucket at 10.23%
  • ▼Cap new 364d bill allocations at 15% of trading portfolio
§06 · Markets

T-Bills

◦ 91d 10.17 · 182d 10.49 · 364d 10.64

Stable across the curve — auction cover ratio firm.

§07 · Markets

Iran War & Oil

◆ Brent at $108; Hormuz priced in once

Hormuz priced once — second incident not in the curve.

FIG.05

Brent Crude

Daily · USD/bbl
Latest plotted · Brent $108.17 · May 2026
Brent spot
$108.17
+9% w/w
WTI spot
$101.94
Tracks Brent
Events flagged
3
IAEA · OPEC+ · Hormuz
WTI
$104.40
HORMUZ RISK
ELEVATED
VERDICT
Hormuz priced in once — the next closure attempt has not been priced at all.

WATCH

  • ◆Brent breach of $115 with no OPEC+ supply response within 48h
  • ◆Any second Hormuz tanker incident

RISK

  • ▼Cap new energy-sector LC issuance at 90-day tenor
  • ▼Require 110% cash margin on fuel import facilities above USD 5m
Analysis

Brent at $108 reflects Hormuz risk priced once — the May incident, the strait reopening, and the partial restoration of insurance capacity. What it does not yet price is the second-incident scenario: a repeated closure attempt within a 30-day window, which would force shippers and underwriters to treat the lane as structurally compromised rather than situationally disrupted. For the import book, the operational window is short. Energy LCs already in flight at 90-day tenor will be honored; new issuance at the same terms is being mispriced if the underwriters have not adjusted for sequence risk. The desk's stance is to cap new energy-sector LC issuance at 60-day tenor pending OPEC+ supply guidance and to require 110% cash margin on fuel imports above $5m. The asymmetry favors caution: the cost of being early is small, the cost of being late is unhedgeable.

§08 · Markets

Commodities

◆ Gold elevated; oil firm

Soft commodities firm — palm + sugar margin compressors.

VERDICT
Safe-haven flows into gold while oil firms — classic late-cycle stress signature.

WATCH

  • ◆Gold above $4,800/oz
  • ◆LNG JKM as winter approaches

RISK

  • ▼Energy LC tenor caps — keep at 90 days max
  • ▼Cash margin requirement above 100% for fuel imports
Real Economy
§09 · Real Economy

Macro & Inflation

◆ Headline CPI grinding higher at 8.71%

Headline cools, food sticky — real rates still negative.

FIG.06

CPI Trend

24-month · headline 12m-avg · food · non-food
Latest plotted · cpi yoy 9.62 · Apr 2026
CPI Headline
8.71%
+13bp from 8.58%
CPI Food
8.24%
−5bp; slim relief
GDP Growth
—
No fresh print
Credit Growth
—
BB MEI bulletin pending
CPI
9.62%
FOOD
11.34%
GDP FY26e
5.6%
VERDICT
Headline CPI grinding higher — no fresh data to change that story.

WATCH

  • ◆Food inflation: rice wholesale +2.1% WoW at DAM
  • ◆Next BBS monthly release for May print

RISK

  • ▼CPI breach of 9.0% next print likely triggers supervisory letter
  • ▼Build provisions ahead of curve; rotate origination toward floating-rate
§10 · Real Economy

Remittance

▲ Mar inflows $2.89B — solid, not a record

April surge real — but front-loaded by Eid mechanics.

VERDICT
Wage-earner inflows holding above $2.8B is the only reason reserves aren't bleeding faster.

WATCH

  • ◆April flow vs Eid base effect
  • ◆MFS channel share — informal flows leakage

RISK

  • ▼Drop below $2.5B/month two consecutive prints → reserves breach $33bn
  • ▼Hundi spread widening past 4 BDT signals informal flight
§11 · Real Economy

RMG · Garments

▲ Apr exports rebound after 8-month decline

Exports +33% — order book depth still the question.

Apr Exports
$3.65B
+9% w/w on RMG rebound
RMG share
78%
Of total exports
Knit vs Woven
52 / 48
%, balanced split
Order book (May)
Improving
European retailer guidance
APRIL
$4.21B
YoY
+33%
EU SHARE
54%
VERDICT
RMG turning is the one thing keeping the trade gap from blowing out — bank the LC pipeline before competitors reprice.

WATCH

  • ◆May order book vs European retailer guidance
  • ◆US tariff exemption status — Sept review

RISK

  • ▼Reopen trade finance limits to top-tier RMG by 10-15%
  • ▼Freeze incremental exposure if May exports reverse below trendline
§12 · Real Economy

External Trade

▲ Trade gap +$0.17B (Mar) — narrow on RMG rebound

Gap narrows — composition matters more than magnitude.

Trade Gap (Mar)
+$0.17B
First positive in 14 mo
Imports (Mar)
$3.48B
Energy share rising
LC openings (Apr)
$3.82B
Above Mar pace
Capital goods
$0.91B
Productivity tilt — low
EXPORTS
$5.18B
IMPORTS
$6.04B
GAP
$0.86B
VERDICT
First positive trade gap month in 14 — fragile but real.

WATCH

  • ◆LC opening pipeline for May
  • ◆Energy import bill at $108 Brent

RISK

  • ▼Brent above $115 widens energy bill by ~$200M/month
  • ▼Capital goods imports lag — productive capacity question
§13 · Real Economy

Food Prices · DAM

◆ Rice steady; flour up 2.1% WoW

Coarse-rice up 4% w/w — perishables steady post-Eid.

VERDICT
Food basket stickiness is what makes BB's easing case so weak.

WATCH

  • ◆Boro paddy harvest pace
  • ◆Edible oil global pass-through

RISK

  • ▼Rice wholesale > Tk 50/kg → policy noise on duty cuts
  • ▼Subsidy bill widens fiscal gap
§14 · Real Economy

Power

◦ Demand 14.8 GW; supply gap narrows

Generation flat — fuel-mix shift cushions the bill.

Demand (peak)
14.8 GW
Mid-summer pace
Generation (avg)
13.9 GW
Within capacity
Gas allocation
64%
Stable
IPP payables
$420M
Outstanding to IPPs
PEAK GEN
15,420 MW
GAS SHARE
58%
OIL SHARE
21%
VERDICT
Power supply situation easing — temporary relief, structural questions remain.

WATCH

  • ◆Capacity payment overhangs
  • ◆Gas allocation to power sector

RISK

  • ▼Outstanding payments to IPPs > $400M
  • ▼Summer demand peak in May-June
Policy
§15 · Policy

Bangladesh Bank

◦ Policy rate held; SDF/SLF unchanged

Holding; data-dependent — tightening optionality intact.

FIG.07

FX Reserves

13-month · gross + net (BPM6) · USD bn
Latest plotted · reserves bn 34.12 · May 2026
Policy Rate (Repo)
10.00%
Unchanged 18 Apr
SDF
8.50%
Floor
SLF
11.50%
Ceiling
Gross Reserves
$34.12B
Stable; ~3.5 mo cover
PVT CREDIT
+8.4%
3.5
mo cover
VERDICT
BB sits on its hands while the curve compresses around its corridor.

WATCH

  • ◆Reserves cycle: weekly net change vs $400M draw threshold
  • ◆Next MPC date and any BB messaging on intervention bands

RISK

  • ▼Reserves below $33bn AND USD/BDT past 123.0 → halt new NOSTRO drawdowns
  • ▼Any unannounced intervention shrinks dealer margin further
§16 · Policy

Tariffs · Trade Policy

◦ No fresh moves; US Sept review approaching

EV relief signals industrial-policy turn — watch CKD.

US Sept review
Pending
Generalized tariff review
LDC graduation
2026
GSP-equivalent at risk
EU EBA
Active
Until graduation
EV CKD
0% duty
FY26 ANTI-DUMPING
7 cases
PARA-TARIFF
≈54%
VERDICT
Tariff calendar is the year's biggest hidden risk — quiet now, loud in September.

WATCH

  • ◆US generalized tariff review (Sept 2026)
  • ◆LDC graduation timeline (2026)

RISK

  • ▼Loss of GSP-equivalent access in EU/US
  • ▼RMG margin compression of 200-300bp if tariffs land
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